Integrating airborne multispectral imagery and airborne LiDAR data for enhanced lithological mapping in vegetated terrain

Practical and financial constraints associated with traditional field-based lithological mapping are often responsible for the generation of maps with insufficient detail and inaccurately located contacts. In arid areas with well exposed rocks and soils, high-resolution multi- and hyperspectral imagery is a valuable mapping aid as lithological units can be readily discriminated and mapped by automatically matching image pixel spectra to a set of reference spectra. However, the use of spectral imagery in all but the most barren terrain is problematic because just small amounts of vegetation cover can obscure or mask the spectra of underlying geological substrates. The use of ancillary information may help to improve lithological discrimination, especially where geobotanical relationships are absent or where distinct lithologies exhibit inherent spectral similarity. This study assesses the efficacy of airborne multispectral imagery for detailed lithological mapping in a vegetated section of the Troodos ophiolite (Cyprus), and investigates whether the mapping performance can be enhanced through the integration of LiDAR-derived topographic data. In each case, a number of algorithms involving different combinations of input variables and classification routine were employed to maximise the mapping performance. Despite the potential problems posed by vegetation cover, geobotanical associations aided the generation of a lithological map - with a satisfactory overall accuracy of 65.5% and Kappa of 0.54 - using only spectral information. Moreover, owing to the correlation between topography and lithology in the study area, the integration of LiDAR-derived topographic variables led to significant improvements of up to 22.5% in the overall mapping accuracy compared to spectral-only approaches. The improvements were found to be considerably greater for algorithms involving classification with an artificial neural network (the Kohonen Self-Organizing Map) than the parametric Maximum Likelihood Classifier. The results of this study demonstrate the enhanced capability of data integration for detailed lithological mapping in areas where spectral discrimination is complicated by the presence of vegetation or inherent spectral similarities.     

交通矢量地图离散非线性校正算法

该文从交通矢量地图的基本特征出发,在深入分析矢量地图的网络拓扑结构的基础上提出了一种新的矢量地图自动校正算法,即：离散非线性校正算法。算法的关键在于离散块的选取以及所选取离散块内各节点的相应调整。通过对整个地图平面的分块非线性校正,在合理选取校正样本的情况下能够对整个地图的所有局部区域达到最优的校正。与传统的线性自动校正算法相比,这种算法可以有效地消除矢量地图中的非线性误差,理论上也有所深入。实验中将该算法应用于合肥、成都等城市的矢量地图校正中,取得了良好的校正效果。应用校正算法得到的交通矢量地图将为交通管理或监控导航系统提供准确的资料信息和更好的智能决策服务,从而给人们生活带来极大的便利。     

基于扫描法在线构造拓扑图的路经规划算法

该文提出了一种基于扫描法在线构造环境拓扑图的路径规划算法。与传统路图法相比,该算法利用扫描的方法搜索障碍物切点,并构造环境拓扑图,降低了计算复杂度,提高了实用性;利用启发式函数选择适当的离开点进行扩展,并逐步完善拓扑图,避免了一次性构造整个环境拓扑图所带来的不必要的大计算量。通过“沿直线行走”和“绕障碍物行走”这两种行为模式的切换,保证机器人顺利地避开障碍物到达目标位置。该算法的计算复杂度低,易于在线实现,并在仿真中得到了验证。     

基于单纯复形的矢量地图多分辨率表示方法

研究了矢量地图中的二维几何图形的多分辨率表示方法,通过分析多维单纯复形在几何图形多分辨率表示中的应用,提出了一种用一维单纯复形进行矢量地图多分辨率表示的方法,同时给出了相应数据结构的编码策略．在该方法中,最低分辨率与最高分辨率的矢量地图数据量之比可达到1：10左右．结合现有矢量地图的多比例尺表示方法,该比例可以进一步降低,另外该方法还可有效地保持矢量地图不同分辨率表示之间的拓扑一致性.     

"一卡通"消费POS系统的改进

本介绍了网络型“一卡通”消费POS系统中系统软件的改进和改进后的功能特点。     

氧化镓钠米带的制备研究

纳米带是继纳米线、纳米管之后,最新报道的又一种准一维纳米结构。文中介绍了Ga2O3纳米带制备的新方法。这种方法与首次报道的纳米带的生长方法有很大不同。用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对产物形貌进行了分析,纳米带宽约500nm,厚度约10nm,宽度/厚度比大于20。选区电子衍射（SAED）分析表明,产物是纯净的Ga2O3单晶。实验还发现了一些特殊形态的纳米结构,如纳米片等,证明了纳米带是一种常见并稳定存在的形态。最后,根据实验现象对纳米带的生长机制进行了初步的分析与讨论。     

一维纳米材料在气体传感器中的应用

评述了目前一维纳米材料在气体传感器中的应用进展.包括单壁碳纳米管、多壁碳纳米管、单根金属及金属氧化物纳米带或纳米线制作的传感器,这些传感器能在室温下检测,具有灵敏度高、漂移小的优点,但由于制作成本高昂、检测条件苛刻,离实用还很远.将氧化物一维纳米材料用于制作旁热式气敏元件,在保持其高灵敏度的同时提高稳定性,有助于解决旁热式气敏元件实用中存在的稳定性差的问题,将成为目前实用化研究的一个热点.     

实时语音混沌保密通信软件设计

为了实现语音在网络上的加密传输，设计了一个基于混沌序列加密算法的语音保密通信系统；针对网络传输的实时性要求，作者提出了等间距自动步方法，使传输系统具有较强的容错能力；采用Java语言、TCP／IP协议和面向对象程序设计方法，编制了一个对称C／S(客户／服务器)模型的语音保密通信软件测试分析表明，该软件具有界面友好，加密速度快，安全性高等优点。     

高炉煤气余压透平与电动鼓风机组同轴驱动的设计与投运

介绍了国内第一台由高炉煤气余压透平与电动机同轴双能源驱动的高炉鼓风机组的参数、设计特点和投运情况,也简述了同轴机组的优点。